Wenn jemand ein Feld von seinem Nachbarn für einige Jahre erhalten hat [weniger als sieben], darf er es nicht mit Flachs säen [denn Leinsamen schwächt den Boden stark und seine Wurzeln bleiben sieben Jahre im Boden], und das hat er nein (Schneidprivilegien) im Stamm einer Bergahorn [ein wilder Feigenbaum, dessen Zweige für Balken geschnitten sind]. Wenn er ihn sieben Jahre lang von ihm erhalten hat, kann er ihn im ersten Jahr mit Flachs säen, und er hat ( Schnittprivilegien) im Stamm einer Bergahorn. [Die Bergahorn ist ein wilder Feigenbaum, dessen Zweige für Balken geschnitten sind. Wenn sie geschnitten werden, wachsen sie wieder, aber in weniger als sieben Jahren können sie nicht zu Balken verarbeitet werden. Wenn er es weniger als sieben Jahre lang erhalten hat, darf er es daher nicht für Balken schneiden, da er es zu diesem Zweck nicht erhalten hat. Denn in ein paar Jahren können sie nicht mehr für Balken nachwachsen (um geeignet zu sein). Aber wenn er es sieben Jahre lang erhalten hat, kann er es im ersten Jahr mit Flachs säen und die darin enthaltene Bergahorn schneiden.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
לשנים מועטות – less than seven years.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Introduction
Mishnah nine states some legal differences with regards to the rights of a sharecropper who receives a field for less than seven years versus one who receives the field for more than seven years.
Mishnah ten deals with the issue of including the sabbatical year in the rental agreement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
לא יזרענה פשתן – for flax weakens the land a great deal and its roots remain in the land until seven years.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If one leased a field from his fellow for but a few years he may not sow flax and he has no right to cut beams from the sycamore tree. If he leased it for seven years he may sow flax the first year and he has a right to cut beams from the sycamore tree. When one rents a field he is expected to return the field and everything in it to its owner in a state similar to that that in which he received it. If he were to sow the field with flax which damages the soil and then return the field, the field would still bear the damage of the flax. Therefore, if he wishes to plant flax he must plant it at least seven years before the end of the rental agreement. If he rents the field, therefore, for seven years, he may plant flax during the first year. Similarly, he must return the trees that were on the field in the same condition in which he received them. If he were to cut down the thick branches of the sycamore, they would take a long time to grow back. Therefore, he may only cut down these types of branches if there are seven years left before the end of the rental agreement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
ואין לו בקורת שקמה – it is the wood of a fig-tree of the forest. And we cut its branches for beans of the building and they continue to grow, but for less than seven years, one does not make beams. Therefore, acceptance [of a lease] for less than seven years, he cannot cut down beams on it, for it is not the intention that beams come down, for in a few years, they do not restore the beams. But if he accepted [a lease] for seven years, the first year, he can sow flax and cut down the sycamore that is in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Questions for Further Thought: • Mishnah Nine: If one were to rent a field for ten years when could he sow flax and cut down branches of the sycamore tree?
